Advancing green technology: Experimental study on low heat rejection engine utilizing bio-based antioxidant-doped biodiesel-diesel blends and oxy-hydrogen gas

Abstract

This research work investigates the combustion, performance, and emissions of low heat rejection (LHR) engine run in dual-fuel mode. Natural (bio-based) antioxidant-doped biodiesel-diesel blends are used as pilot fuel while oxy-hydrogen is used as primary fuel in dual-fuel mode. A stationary single-cylinder, naturally aspirated direct injection (DI) diesel engine is modified to operate in dual-fuel LHR mode. Two different bio-based antioxidants are prepared from Albizia lebek leaf powder (ALLP) and Pongamia pinnata leaf powder (PPLP). These non-edible bio-based leaf powders are characterized by their suitability as antioxidants. The derived bio-based antioxidants with varying concentrations from 500 ppm to 2000 ppm in increments of 500 ppm are doped with JME20. PPLP doped-antioxidant shows higher nitric oxide reduction than ALLP doped-antioxidant operation, due to higher antioxidant activity related phenolic peaks (noticed from XRD analysis), present in PPLP. The JME20P4+HHO operation exhibits 10% lesser NO emissions, and 3.46% higher BSEC than in JME20+HHO operation and HC, CO and smoke emissions are higher by 26.58%, 23.68%, and 13.74%. Although, these values still remain lower than base line diesel data by 33.31%, 30.82%, and 8.31% respectively, at full load due to carbon free oxy-hydrogen combustion.