Advances of the phylogenetic relationships in gibbon

Abstract

Gibbons are a family (Hylobatidae) of ape species endemic to the rainforests of the mainland and islands of Southeast Asia, including four well-recognized genera (Hylobates, Nomascus, Symphalangus, and Hoolock). Most gibbon species are known as considered “endangered” or “critically endangered” (IUCN 2009). This present article gives a review on the research progress of phylogenetic relationships between gibbon species and closely related genera utilizing a range of different traits (e.g., vocalization, morphology, karyotype, mtDNA, Y chromosomes, Autosomes, Alu, and whole genome). Our aim held great potential to clarify more directions in researches on identification of genetic relationship, to provide reference for molecular biology research and useful information for further gibbon research.