Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA), especially in the form of HA nanoparticles (HANPs), has excellent bioactivity, biodegradability, and osteoconductivity and therefore has been widely used as a template or additives for drug delivery in clinical applications, such as dentistry and orthopedic repair. Due to the atomically anisotropic distribution on the preferred growth of HA crystals, especially the nanoscale rod-/whisker-like morphology, HA can generally be a good candidate for carrying a variety of substances. HA is biocompatible and suitable for medical applications, but most drugs carried by HANPs have an initial burst release. In the adsorption mechanism of HA as a carrier, specific surface area, pore size, and porosity are important factors that mainly affect the adsorption and release amounts. At present, many studies have developed HA as a drug carrier with targeted effect, porous structure, and high porosity. This review mainly discusses the influence of HA structures as a carrier on the adsorption and release of active molecules. It then focuses on the benefits and effects of different types of polymer-HA composites to re-examine the proteins/drugs carry and release behavior and related potential clinical applications. This literature survey can be divided into three main parts: 1. interaction and adsorption mechanism of HA and drugs; 2. advantages and application fields of HA/organic composites; 3. loading and drug release behavior of multifunctional HA composites in different environments. This work also presents the latest development and future prospects of HA as a drug carrier.
Highlights
Bioceramics are biocompatible ceramics, glass materials, or ceramic/glass composites designed to repair or rebuild damaged parts of human hard tissues [1]
The results show that the morphology of nanoparticles has a significant effect on the release of counter-ion, resulting in changes in the structural conformation of proteins that control their interactions with proteins
The results reconfirmed that the large specific surface area and porous structure of mesoporous hydroxyapatite (M-HA) nanoparticles (HANPs) resulted in the high drug loading capacity, which could effectively improve the drug utilization
Summary
Ssu-Meng Huang 1,† , Shih-Ming Liu 1,† , Chia-Ling Ko 1 and Wen-Cheng Chen 1,2,3, *.
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