Abstract
The formation of carcinogenic bromate ions is a constraint when ozone is used for the remediation of water containing brominated organic materials. With its strong oxidizing ability, ozone rapidly transforms bromide in aqueous media to bromate, through a series of reactions involving hydroxyl radicals. Several strategies, such as limiting the ozone concentration, maintaining pH < 6, or the use of ammonia or hydrogen peroxide were explored to minimize bromate generation. However, most of the above strategies had a negative effect on the ozonation efficiency. The advanced oxidation processes, using catalysts together with ozone, have proven to be a promising technology for the degradation of pollutants in wastewater, but very few studies have been conducted to find ways to minimize bromate formation during this approach. The proposed article, therefore, presents a comprehensive review on recent advances in bromate reduction in water by catalytic ozonation and proposes reaction mechanisms associated with the catalytic process. The main aim is to highlight any gaps in the reported studies, thus creating a platform for future research and a quest to find environment friendly and efficacious catalysts for minimizing bromate formation in aqueous media during ozonation of brominated organic compounds.
Highlights
The need to reduce environmental pollution is currently receiving urgent attention around the world
Bromide as low as 20 ppm are the potential exists for bromate formation to occur through a combination of ozone and hydroxyla present in water during ozonation, the potential exists for bromate formation to occur through radical reactions
The literature indicates that catalytic ozonation using appropriate catalyst materials is a better solution for bromate minimization than uncatalysed ozonation
Summary
The need to reduce environmental pollution is currently receiving urgent attention around the world. Bromide as low as 20 ppm are the potential exists for bromate formation to occur through a combination of ozone and hydroxyla present in water during ozonation, the potential exists for bromate formation to occur through radical reactions [1]. OBr is further oxidized by the reaction of bromide ion with molecular ozone to form OBr /HOBr. The OBr is further oxidized dissolved. The second pathway (direct/indirect pathway) is by the molecular resulting in resulting the formation This routeinthe formed facilitated by theozone, molecular ozone, in theofformation of OBr. OBr is oxidized the formed OBr is oxidized by HO radicals to a series of highly reactive oxygenated radicals. The third pathway, the HO radicals with bromide ions solution pH alkalinity of theInwater is high. A comprehensive assessment on recent advances on reduction in water by heterogeneous bromate reduction in water by heterogeneous catalytic ozonation
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