Abstract
The integrated understanding of processes and mechanisms driving the coupled evolution of orogens and sedimentary basins and the underlying lithosphere-mantle system, requires a multi-scale temporal and spatial approach that crosses the traditional boundaries of disciplines and methodologies. While analysing the sedimentary infill we need to account for the characteristics and variations of the exhumation, evolving topography and external forcing in the source area, and the complexity of a transport system that is often characterized by a massive unidirectional sediment influx during moments of activity at tipping points or gateways. Such an influx can often span across multiple depocenters and sedimentary basins and is conditioned by an evolving structural geometry that can migrate in time, directly related to the evolving lithospheric structure in orogens that are influenced by their inherited rheology. Depocenters can be fed from multiple directions, while having an endemic or endorheic character during key evolutionary moments. The thermal structure and its variability in continental and oceanic domains conditions the rheology and subsequent structural evolution of the orogens, subduction zones and sedimentary basins, with significant consequences for understanding societally relevant issues. Quantifying basin deposition requires analysing the sediment transport network that can often span multiple interacting orogenic and sedimentary systems, where understanding the allogenic or autogenic nature of sedimentary processes can be significantly enhanced by knowing the inherited and evolving structural and tectonic parameters. Such sedimentary quantification is important for understanding the orogenic structure and the evolution of subduction systems, that include mechanisms such as cycles of burial-exhumation, formation of highly arcuate orogens and timings of nappe stacking events. Deriving processes in orogen - sedimentary basins systems also requires testing process-oriented hypotheses by focused studies in well-known natural laboratories, such as the examples from the Pannonian-Carpathians - Alps - Dinarides system and its analogues used by the numerous contributions in the special Global and Planetary Change issue entitled Understanding the multi-scale and coupled evolution of orogens, sedimentary basins and their underlying lithosphere , whose significance is explained in our review. • Integrated understanding of processes and mechanisms driving the coupled evolution of orogens and sedimentary basins. • Quantifying deposition requires analysing sediment transport across multiple interacting orogenic and sedimentary basins. • Quantifying sedimentary basins is important for understanding the orogenic structure and the evolution of subduction systems. • Testing process-oriented hypotheses in well-known natural laboratories, such the Pannonian - Carpathians - Alps - Dinarides.
Highlights
The process-oriented integration of the evolution of a sedimentary basin infill and coeval kinematics of the neighbouring mountain chains is crucial to the understanding of feedback mechanisms between causal processes, such as subsidence and exhumation in extensional systems or thrust belts (e.g., Reiners and Brandon, 2006; von Hagke et al, 2014; Pomar and Haq, 2016; Bernard et al, 2019)
Such an influx can often span across multiple depocenters and sedimentary basins and is conditioned by an evolving structural geometry that can migrate in time, directly related to the evolving lithospheric structure in orogens that are influenced by their inherited rheology
This review demonstrates that an integrated understanding of pro cesses and mechanisms driving the coupled evolution of orogens and sedimentary basins requires a multi-scale temporal and spatial analysis that crosses the traditional boundaries of disciplines, methodologies and singular approaches
Summary
The process-oriented integration of the evolution of a sedimentary basin infill and coeval kinematics of the neighbouring mountain chains is crucial to the understanding of feedback mechanisms between causal processes, such as subsidence and exhumation in extensional systems or thrust belts (e.g., Reiners and Brandon, 2006; von Hagke et al, 2014; Pomar and Haq, 2016; Bernard et al, 2019). Recent observations and process-oriented modelling studies have demonstrated a strong coupling between the mechanisms of subduction and collision in the neighbouring mountain chains, such as the slab retreat of the Carpathians and Dinarides, and the subsequent indenta tion of the Adriatic micro-continent in the formation and evolution of the Pannonian Basin (e.g., Fodor et al, 2005; Fodor et al, 2008; Horvath et al, 2015; Matenco et al, 2016; Balazs et al, 2017a and references therein).
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