Advances in the Study of Pathological Histology and Pathogenesis of Endometrial Polyps

Abstract

Endometrial polyps (EPs) are common gynecological diseases among women of childbearing age. They are formed by the proliferation of blood vessels and connective tissue in a portion of the endometrium, resulting in the formation of a polyp-like mass that protrudes into the uterine cavity and varies in size and number. Typically, the body of the uterus is the site of implantation of these polyp-like growths, which are attached to the medial wall of the uterine cavity by a long, thin tip. Irregular vaginal bleeding is the first clinical manifestation of endometrial polyps, and it can often lead to infertility. Studies have shown that the prevalence of endometrial polyps in the female population is approximately 25.0%. With the widespread use of hysteroscopic techniques in clinical practice, knowledge and diagnosis of endometrial polyps have significantly improved. However, pathological examination remains the “gold standard” for final diagnosis in clinical practice. This article aims to review the epidemiology, pathological histology, and pathogenesis of endometrial polyps to reveal their mechanisms and characteristics more accurately and guide further clinical research and treatment. The relevant progress in recent years in this field, both domestically and internationally, is reviewed below.