Advances in the Relationships Between Cow's Milk Protein Allergy and Gut Microbiota in Infants.

Yudie Yang,Saeed Shoaie,Yongjun Wei,Xiaoqi Li,Cheng Zhang,Boyang Ji,Ying Yang

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.716667

Abstract

Cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA) is an immune response to cow’s milk proteins, which is one of the most common food allergies in infants and young children. It is estimated that 2–3% of infants and young children have CMPA. The diet, gut microbiota, and their interactions are believed to be involved in the alterations of mucosal immune tolerance, which might lead to the development of CMPA and other food allergies. In this review, the potential molecular mechanisms of CMPA, including omics technologies used for analyzing microbiota, impacts of early microbial exposures on CMPA development, and microbiota–host interactions, are summarized. The probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and other modulation strategies for gut microbiota and the potential application of microbiota-based design of diets for the CMPA treatment are also discussed. This review not only summarizes the current studies about the interactions of CMPA with gut microbiota but also gives insights into the possible CMPA treatment strategies by modulating gut microbiota, which might help in improving the life quality of CMPA patients in the future.

Highlights

Food allergy has become a major public health issue worldwide
The supplementation of L. rhamnosus LA305, Lactobacillus salivarius LA307, or Bifidobacterium longum subsp. to Cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA)-mouse models altered the gut microbiota at the species level and immune responses, which led to the acquisition of tolerance to some food allergies (Esber et al, 2020)
An insight into the gut microbiota of infants with CMPA and the identification of keystone taxa in its development are required for the diagnosis and treatment of CMPA

Summary

Introduction

Food allergy has become a major public health issue worldwide. The prevalence of food allergies has been growing steadily, affecting 3–6% of the United States population (Sicherer and Sampson, 2014). Further insights into the development of an infant’s gut microbiota suggested that it was affected by diverse environmental factors, including diet, breastfeeding, FIGURE 1 | Mechanism of immune tolerance. The undernutrition states affected the response of oral cholera vaccination, suggesting that the diets have global effects on the immune system and might interact with allergy, including CMPA (Di Luccia et al, 2020).

Results

Conclusion