Advances in the Relationship Between Regulator of Ribosome Synthesis 1 (RRS1) and Diseases.

Yanan Hua,Zheng Zhang,Runze Wang,Lin Hou,Jinlian Song,Jinyu Zhang,Cuixiu Peng,Zhongliang Ma,Ning Li

doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.620925

Abstract

A regulator of ribosome synthesis 1 (RRS1) was discovered in yeast and is mainly localized in the nucleolus and endoplasmic reticulum. It regulates ribosomal protein, RNA biosynthesis, and protein secretion and is closely involved in cellular senescence, cell cycle regulation, transcription, translation, oncogenic transformation etc., Mutations in the RRS1 gene are associated with the occurrence and development of Huntington’s disease and cancer, and overexpression of RRS1 promotes tumor growth and metastasis. In this review, the structure, function, and mechanisms of RRS1 in various diseases are discussed.

Highlights

Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis and consist of ribosomal RNA and ribosomal proteins (RPs)
Gambe et al (2009) detected high levels of regulator of ribosome synthesis 1 (RRS1) in the nuclear periphery of cervical cancer Hela cells, which bound to other nucleolar proteins during mitosis and interphase
We found that the RRS1 gene is highly expressed in breast cancer cells, and its knockdown significantly reduced the proliferation rate and increased apoptosis (Hua et al, 2019)

Summary

INTRODUCTION

Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis and consist of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and ribosomal proteins (RPs). Tsuno et al discovered the regulator of the ribosome synthesis 1 (RRS1) protein in yeast cells It is located in the nucleolus and endoplasmic reticulum, and is involved in ribosome biogenesis, 25S rRNA maturation, and the assembly of the 60S subunit (Surguchov, 1987). Morita et al showed that Rpf binds to both RRS1 and RPL11 in yeast cells and regulates the 27-SB pre-rRNA transformation during 25S and 60S ribosomal subunit biosynthesis (Morita et al, 2002). Gambe et al (2009) detected high levels of RRS1 in the nuclear periphery of cervical cancer Hela cells, which bound to other nucleolar proteins during mitosis and interphase. We found that the RRS1 gene is highly expressed in breast cancer cells, and its knockdown significantly reduced the proliferation rate and increased apoptosis (Hua et al, 2019). Studies show that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the major determinant of gastric tumor metastasis and invasion (Yu et al, 2012). Ma et al (2019) recently found that miRNA-598 regulates the growth of gastric CSCs by regulating the expression of RRS1

CONCLUSION

AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS