Advances in the Extraction, Purification, Structural Characteristics and Biological Activities of Eleutherococcus senticosus Polysaccharides: A Promising Medicinal and Edible Resource With Development Value.

Xiaojie Li,Aijing Leng,Jialin Qu,Cai Chen

doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.753007

Abstract

In recent years, natural polysaccharides have received growing attention and interest in view of their values in food, medical, cosmetics and other fields. Eleutherococcus senticosus (E. senticosus) is a medicine and food homologous plant that possess anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, central nervous system and cardiovascular protection, anti-radiation, enhancement of human microcirculation, improvement of physical fatigue effects, mainly based on lignans, flavonoids and coumarin types. E. senticosus polysaccharides (ESPS), act as a kind of polysaccharide extracted and isolated from the root and rhizome of E. senticosus, have been found in many applications of medicine and food for their unique biological activity. Nevertheless, the existing studies are mostly concerned with small molecules of E. senticosus, less attention is paid to polysaccharides. Moreover, the types and structural characterization of ESPS reported in existing literature were also not summarized. In this paper, the research progress of ESPS is reviewed from the aspects of extraction, separation, structural characterization and biological activity, future perspectives from points of efficient extraction, resource utilization and quality control standards were also proposed, which provide reference for the further development and utilization of ESPS.

Highlights

Eleutherococcus senticosus, commonly known as “Ci-wu-jia” or “Acanthopanax senticosus”, is botanically from the dried root and rhizome or stem of Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Maxim [syn
— Ultrasound will damage the structure of polysaccharides, resulting in difficulty in separation and difficult to apply to industrial production Polysaccharides often contain some pigments, so they need to be decolorized. —
The results showed that the protein removal rate: enzyme 93.1% chitosan coagulation 93.1% > trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-Sevag 83% > Sevag 28%, polysaccharide loss rate: chitosan coagulation 47% > TCA-Sevag 43% > Sevag 18% > enzyme 7%

Summary

Introduction

Eleutherococcus senticosus, commonly known as “Ci-wu-jia” or “Acanthopanax senticosus”, is botanically from the dried root and rhizome or stem of Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Maxim [syn. It is a medicine and food homologous plant that is widely distributed in northeast China, which contains multi-kinds of nutrients and components. Among variety of active ingredients, flavonoids (quercetin, hyperoside, quercetin, rutin, etc.), coumarins (isofraxidin, scopolamine, etc), lignans (ferulic acid glucoside, eleutheroside, carotin, syringin, etc.,) (Lee et al, 2012) played an important role in its activities. As a medicinal and food homologous plant, various products such as oral liquid, tea, capsule preparation, wine of E. senticosus have been developed and commercialized, and favored by those who pay attention to health.

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Conclusion