Abstract
Pesticides are the basis for defending against major biological disasters and important for ensuring national food security. Biocompatible, biodegradable, intelligent, and responsive materials are currently an emerging area of interest in the field of efficient, safe, and green pesticide formulation. Using nanotechnology to design and prepare targeted pesticides with environmentally responsive controlled release via compound and chemical modifications has also shown great potential in creating novel formulations. In this review, special attention has been paid to intelligent pesticides with precise controlled release modes that can respond to micro-ecological environment changes such as light-sensitivity, thermo-sensitivity, humidity sensitivity, soil pH, and enzyme activity. Moreover, establishing intelligent and controlled pesticide release technologies using nanomaterials are reported. These technologies could increase pesticide-loading, improve the dispersibility and stability of active ingredients, and promote target ability.
Highlights
Pesticides are indispensable to modern agricultural production
Traditional pesticide formulations have several disadvantages, such as high organic solvent contents, dust drift, and poor dispersibility, wherein most of the pesticide is lost to the environment and less than 1% remains on the target
Controlled pesticide release systems are used on farmlands by selecting a suitable and timely administration route to precisely regulate the target pest
Summary
Pesticides are indispensable to modern agricultural production. They can effectively reduce plant pests and diseases to improve crop yields. Some pesticides such as pyraclostrobin have been shown to exert a positive effect on crops affected by rice blast fungus This chemical can induce physiological changes in crops and improve their resistance to the disease, increasing yields considerably [3]. Pyraclostrobin can be safely applied to rice and other crops without harming aquatic organisms The introduction of this product has led to further studies on environmentally responsive pesticide formulations. Nano-microcapsules or nanospheres have been prepared using light-sensitive, thermo-sensitive, humidity-sensitive, and enzyme- and soil pH-sensitive high polymer materials to deliver pesticides. These nanostructured materials are prepared via processes such as adsorption, coupling, encapsulation, and embedding.
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