Abstract
Ginkgo biloba L. has always been a popular area of research due to its various active ingredients and pharmacological effects. Ginkgo biloba is rich in ginkgo flavonoids, ginkgolides, and ginkgolic acid, with anti-inflammation, antioxidation, neuroprotection, anti-platelet agglutination, hypolipidemic effect, anti-cancer, and anti-radiation properties. There are many methods to extract and separate the active components of ginkgo. Among them, supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extraction (SFE-CO2) is known for its green, clean, and environment-friendly properties. In this paper, the pharmacological activities, the active components, and structures of different parts of ginkgo, the extraction methods of its effective ingredients, and the application of the SFE-CO2 method for the extraction and separation of active ingredients in Ginkgo biloba from leaves, seeds, pollen, and roots were reviewed, in order to make best use of ginkgo resources, and provide support and references for the development of SFE-CO2 of active components from Ginkgo biloba.
Highlights
Ginkgo biloba L., called maidenhair tree, is a rare species of Mesozoic relict and the sole species in the class Ginkgopsida, known as the “living fossil” [1,2]
Ginkgo biloba is rich in a variety of natural active ingredients and has a wide range of pharmacological activities [3], which plays an important role in food [4,5], health care [6], medicine [7,8], and other fields
Kaur et al [23] investigated the protective effect of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (GBE) on hippocampal neuronal injury induced by methyl tin chloride (TMT) and suggested that GBE can protect hippocampal neuronals by downregulating the NO level
Summary
Modern pharmacological studies revealed the various biological activities of ginkgo, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidation, neuron protection, anti-platelet aggregation, 4.0/). Such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidation, neuron protection, anti-platelet aggregation, hypolipidemic effects, anti-cancer, anti-radiation properties, etc. The main biological achypolipidemic effects, anti-cancer, anti-radiation properties, etc. The main biological tivitiesactivities of Ginkgo biloba are as follows (Figure 1): of Ginkgo biloba are as follows (Figure 1):
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