Abstract
Immunosuppression plays a vital role in the pathophysiological mechanism of sepsis, and it is the main cause of death in patients with sepsis during the later phase. Sepsis induced immunosuppression is gradually recognized. Its underlying mechanisms involve immune cell apoptosis, autophagy, cell metabolism reprogramming, endotoxin tolerance, central nervous system regulation, and epigenetic regulation. New approaches that target the host immune response and reconstruct the immune balance are the keys to improve the prognosis of patients with sepsis. With the help of immune status monitor, novel immunomodulatory agents, such as thymosin α1, γ- interferon (IFN-γ), interleukin-7 (IL-7), granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and anti-programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) antibody, are expected to become a new strategy for the treatment of sepsis in future.
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