Abstract
Because the atmosphere rotates, a satellite is subjected to a small lateral aerodynamic force which has the effect of slightly changing the inclination of the orbit to the equator. For an eastbound satellite the inclination decreases, sometimes by as much as 0.1°, and the amount of the change is a measure of the angular velocity of the atmosphere at heights near that of the satellite's perigee. In this paper the angular velocity of the upper atmosphere is determined by examining the changes in orbital inclination of all suitable satellites.Although the orbital information is imperfect, useful values were obtained from 9 satellites, covering the years 1958–63, heights of 200–300 km and latitudes from 0–60°. If the angular velocity of the atmosphere is expressed as Λ times the angular velocity of the Earth, the values of Λ obtained all exceed 1, ranging between 1.1 and 1.9, with a mean of 1.46 and rms scatter of 0.28. This corresponds to a mean west-to-east wind speed in mid latitudes of over 100 m/sec. The results thus indicate that the upper atmosphere at 200–300 km height rotates faster than the Earth. A possible explanation is suggested.Пo тoй пpичниe, чтo aтмoффepa вpaщaeтфя, фпУтник пoдвлaфтeн нeбoль щoй пapaллeльнoй филe, пoд дeйфтвиeм кoтopoй флeгкa измeняeтфя нaклoиeниe opбиты к эквaтopУ. Для фпУтникa, пpoдвигaющeгoфя в вoфтoчнoм нaпpaвлeнии, нaклoнeниe инoгдa Умeньщaeтфя нa цeлыч 0,1° и вeличинa измeнeния являeтфя кpитepиeм Углoвoй фкopoфти aтмoффepы нa выфoтaч фчoдныч ф выфoтoй пepигeя фпУтникa. в этoй фтaтьe Углoвaя фкopoфть вepчнeй aтмoффepы oпpeдeляeтфя пУтeм иффлeдoвaния измeнeния в opбитaльнoм нaклoнeнии вфeч фooтвeтфтвУющич фпУтникoв.нeфмoтpя нa нeпoлнoфть имeющeйфя нa лицo инфopмaции oтнoфитeльнo opбиты, были пoлУчeны пoлeзныe знaчeния oт 9 фпУтникoв зa пepиoд, пoкpывaющий 1958–1963 г.г., выфoты в 200–300 килoм. и шиpoты oт 0–60°. eфли Углoвaя фкopoфть aтмoффepы выpaжaeтфя в кaчeфтвe a paз Углoвoй фкopoфти Zeмли, тo вфe пoлУ- чeнныe oт aзнaчeния пpeвыфят 1, в пpeдeлaч oт 1,1 дo 1,9, пpи фpeднeй вeличинe в 0,28 Этo фooтвeтфтвУeт фpeднeй фкopoфти вeтpa, дУющeгo ф зaпaдa нa вoфтoк, фвышe 100 м/фeк, в фpeднич шиpoтaч. peзУльтaты зтoгo Укaзывaют нa тo, чтo вepчняя aтмoффepa нa выфoтe в 200–300 килoм. вpaщaeтфя быфтpee Zeмли—явлeниe, кoтopoe тpeбУeт дoпoлнитeльнoгo пoяфнeния.
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