Abstract
The use of stem cells has been reported to improve hair regrowth in several therapeutic strategies, including reversing the pathological mechanisms, that contribute to hair loss, regeneration of hair follicles, or creating hair using the tissue-engineering approach. Although various promising stem cell approaches are progressing via pre-clinical models to clinical trials, intraoperative stem cell treatments with a one-step procedure offer a quicker result by incorporating an autologous cell source without manipulation, which may be injected by surgeons through a well-established clinical practice. Many authors have concentrated on adipose-derived stromal vascular cells due to their ability to separate into numerous cell genealogies, platelet-rich plasma for its ability to enhance cell multiplication and neo-angiogenesis, as well as human follicle mesenchymal stem cells. In this paper, the significant improvements in intraoperative stem cell approaches, from in vivo models to clinical investigations, are reviewed. The potential regenerative instruments and functions of various cell populaces in the hair regrowth process are discussed. The addition of Wnt signaling in dermal papilla cells is considered a key factor in stimulating hair growth. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived signaling and growth factors obtained by platelets influence hair growth through cellular proliferation to prolong the anagen phase (FGF-7), induce cell growth (ERK activation), stimulate hair follicle development (β-catenin), and suppress apoptotic cues (Bcl-2 release and Akt activation).
Highlights
Hair tissue engineering and stem cell therapy are new approaches to treating hair loss (HL)
SCs are fundamentally influenced by the mesenchymal cells (MCs) of the Dermal papilla (DP), which are in close contact with the cells of the germinal matrix that are isolated by the basal membrane [14]
It is vital to comprehend the components of their activation and induction, which will allow for the use of multi-potent cells in regenerative plastic surgery and hair regrowth
Summary
Hair tissue engineering and stem cell therapy are new approaches to treating hair loss (HL). Cells 2019, 8, 466 cell treatment benefits from the availability and safety of using the patient’s own cells, which do not trigger an adverse reaction, as well as from the numerous important cell types that can be harvested using minimally invasive strategies [1]. This treatment bypasses a significant number of restrictions associated with exogenous cell treatment by avoiding in vitro cell control and expensive cell extension, the requirement for good manufacturing practice (GMP) facilities, the need to procure a work force for cell culture preparation, the potential for pollution, and a second method (at an alternate time point) to collect the cells. Certain intraoperative cell approaches fit the minimally-manipulated biological product category in which broad clinical trials are not required, speeding up potential interpretation to facilities
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