Advances in Plant Regeneration: Shake, Rattle and Roll.

Sergio Ibáñez,José Manuel Pérez-Pérez,Pilar S Testillano,Elena Carneros

doi:10.3390/plants9070897

Sergio Ibáñez, José Manuel Pérez-Pérez + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9070897

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Abstract

Some plant cells are able to rebuild new organs after tissue damage or in response to definite stress treatments and/or exogenous hormone applications. Whole plants can develop through de novo organogenesis or somatic embryogenesis. Recent findings have enlarged our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms required for tissue reprogramming during plant regeneration. Genetic analyses also suggest the key role of epigenetic regulation during de novo plant organogenesis. A deeper understanding of plant regeneration might help us to enhance tissue culture optimization, with multiple applications in plant micropropagation and green biotechnology. In this review, we will provide additional insights into the physiological and molecular framework of plant regeneration, including both direct and indirect de novo organ formation and somatic embryogenesis, and we will discuss the key role of intrinsic and extrinsic constraints for cell reprogramming during plant regeneration.

Highlights

Unlike what happens in animals, plants have a high regenerative capacity and, under natural conditions, they are able to form new organs and even complete individuals from a few cells present in adult tissues, either in response to injury or to the alteration of their environment [1]
Classical in vitro culture experiments of plant tissues indicated that the exogenous auxin and cytokinin (CK) balance control plant organogenesis, so that a high CK-to-auxin balance induces the production of shoots, an elevated auxin-to-CK balance induces the formation of roots, while intermediate levels of both hormones induces the formation of an amorphous cell mass dubbed callus [2]
It was assumed that all plant cells are totipotent, recent studies suggest that only some of them remain in a pluripotent state throughout the plant life cycle, and it is from these cells that new organs develop in response to hormonal induction [105]

Summary

Introduction

Unlike what happens in animals, plants have a high regenerative capacity and, under natural conditions, they are able to form new organs and even complete individuals from a few cells present in adult tissues, either in response to injury or to the alteration of their environment [1]. Application of stress treatment or exogenous auxin can induce somatic embryogenesis, an intriguing process that exemplifies plant cell totipotency expression. We provide an update on the key molecular and signaling events on three different regenerative processes in plants: (i) hormone-induced callus formation;. 2. Transcription Factor Networks and Epigenetic Regulators during Hormone-Induced. Callus formation is experimentally induced from a variety of plant tissues by their incubation on an auxin-rich callus-inducing medium (CIM), and relies on the re-deployment of lateral root (LR) developmental programs from existing pericycle-like cells (Figure 1a), which are functionally. AXR3-ARF5 complex functions repressor at low auxin levelsat [6], which [6], been shown control cell maintenance as a transcriptional repressor low auxinhas levels which hasto been plant shownstem to control plant stem and differentiation during embryogenesis [7]. LR formation / Positively regulates LBD16 and LBD29 expression upon CIM induction

PROMOTER BINDING FACTOR a

Wound Signaling Regulates Tissue Regeneration through Conserved Gene

Somatic Embryogenesis

Concluding Remarks