Abstract
Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is an important tool for the analysis of a patient’s physiological conditions, as well a method aiding the diagnosis of cardiopathies. Photoplethysmography (PPG) is an optical technique applied in the monitoring of the HRV and its adoption has been growing significantly, compared to the most commonly used method in medicine, Electrocardiography (ECG). In this survey, definitions of these technique are presented, the different types of sensors used are explained, and the methods for the study and analysis of the PPG signal (linear and nonlinear methods) are described. Moreover, the progress, and the clinical and practical applicability of the PPG technique in the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases are evaluated. In addition, the latest technologies utilized in the development of new tools for medical diagnosis are presented, such as Internet of Things, Internet of Health Things, genetic algorithms, artificial intelligence and biosensors which result in personalized advances in e-health and health care. After the study of these technologies, it can be noted that PPG associated with them is an important tool for the diagnosis of some diseases, due to its simplicity, its cost–benefit ratio, the easiness of signals acquisition, and especially because it is a non-invasive technique.
Highlights
One of the fundamental characteristics of the heart is to be able to change its heartbeat rate.These spontaneous fluctuations of the heart rate (HR) reflect the relationship between ongoing interferences in the cardiovascular system and the response of its regulatory mechanisms [1].One of the methods used to evaluate cardiovascular autonomic nervous system activity is Heart Rate Variability (HRV) analysis [2]
Since the activity of the autonomic nervous system and the heart rate are related in a nonlinear manner, the changes in the sympathetic activity or the vagal tone have the ability to change the response of the heart rate to the stimulation of any branch of the system [3,4]
The results showed that the method is able to measure changes in arterial pulse wave velocity (PWV) that result from fluctuations in mean arterial pressure
Summary
One of the fundamental characteristics of the heart is to be able to change its heartbeat rate.These spontaneous fluctuations of the heart rate (HR) reflect the relationship between ongoing interferences in the cardiovascular system and the response of its regulatory mechanisms [1].One of the methods used to evaluate cardiovascular autonomic nervous system activity is HRV analysis (cranial heart rate variability) [2]. One of the fundamental characteristics of the heart is to be able to change its heartbeat rate These spontaneous fluctuations of the heart rate (HR) reflect the relationship between ongoing interferences in the cardiovascular system and the response of its regulatory mechanisms [1]. The heart rate variability is constantly modulated through complex interactions between branches of the autonomic nervous system, the sympathetic nervous system, and the vagus nerve [3]. Since the activity of the autonomic nervous system and the heart rate are related in a nonlinear manner, the changes in the sympathetic activity or the vagal tone have the ability to change the response of the heart rate to the stimulation of any branch of the system [3,4]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
