Advances in Periodontal Drug Delivery Systems and the Role of Probiotics in Periodontitis Treatment

Abstract

Periodontitis is a group of inflammatory diseases which results the destruction of tooth-supporting tissues and affects 20-50% of the global population. Different bacterial enzymes are released into the periodontal pockets as a result of the proliferation of varied microflora, particularly anaerobes, which affect the body's immune response. A key component of treating periodontitis is mounting along with routing. Soluble at the site of infection, nonoperative controlled-release formulations reduce the requirement for systemic dosage by providing an affordable, non-toxic, biocompatible, and long-term therapeutic alternative. To successfully deliver a drug variety, several polymer-based systems can be used, i.e., strips, microparticles, fibers, nanoparticles, films, and nanofibers. This paper reviews the potential benefits and limits of using periodontal pockets as a medication delivery platform to create an appropriate dental localized dose form. The microorganisms called probiotics are present in the human body's alimentary canal and saliva. Recent studies on the usage of these organisms in treating periodontitis have substantially sparked the interest of researchers due to the positive metabolic effects of these organisms. Therefore, more study is needed to understand better how probiotics function physiologically and to manage periodontal disease over the long term.