Abstract
Wireless communication systems play a significant role in our day-to-day life. The printed antennas are used in wireless applications due to their low profile, ease of fabrication, and cost-effectiveness. However, they have major drawbacks such as low efficiency, narrow bandwidth, and surface wave excitation. To resolve these problems, in this chapter, an intensive study is performed in the field of electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structures. These are periodic and non-periodic structures that access or prevent the propagation of electromagnetic waves in a specific band of frequency. EBG structures are high-impedance surfaces and can be considered a good example of artificial magnetic conductors. These structures help improve the antenna performance by increasing gain and bandwidth and reducing mutual coupling between antenna elements. EBG structures can also be used to obtain band-rejection characteristics in UWB antennas and to design low-profile, compact, and multi-band antenna designs. In this chapter, several EBG structure-based patch antennas that best suit modern-day wireless communication systems are discussed. The current challenges and limitations of the typical patch antennas and different EBG structures are discussed in detail with some possible suggestions.
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