Abstract
As we all know that stroke is still a leading cause of death and acquired disability. Etiological treatment and brain protection are equally important. This review aimed to summarize the advance of normobaric-hyperoxia (NBHO) on brain protection in the setting of experimental stroke and brain trauma. We analyzed the data from relevant studies published on PubMed Central (PMC) and EMBASE, about NBHO on brain protection in the setting of experimental ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes and brain trauma, which revealed that NBHO had important value on improving hypoxia and attenuating ischemia damage. The mechanisms of NBHO involved increasing the content of oxygen in brain tissues, restoring the function of mitochondria, enhancing the metabolism of neurons, alleviating blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage, weakening brain cell edema, reducing intracranial pressure, and improving cerebral blood flow, especially in the surrounding of injured area of the brain, to make the neurons in penumbral area alive. Compared to hyperbaric oxygen (HBO), NBHO is more safe and more easily to transform to clinical use, whereby, further studies about the safety and efficacy as well as the proper treatment protocol of NBHO on human may be still needed.
Highlights
The benefits of oxygen therapy in neuroprotection are unproven, with mechanisms of action still unclear [1, 2]
We have analyzed data from relevant studies published in PubMed Central (PMC) and EMBASE, relating to normobaric-hyperoxia (NBHO) and brain protection in the setting of experimental ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes and brain trauma [5,6,7,8]
The predominant accepted molecular mechanism involved is to inhibit the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), Matrix metalloproteinase9 (MMP-9), and Caspase-3 as well as to increase the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), reactive oxygen species (ROS) [3, 5, 6, 8, 12]
Summary
University of California, San Francisco, United States. LaManna, Case Western Reserve University, United States Atsushi Mizuma, Tokai University, Japan. Etiological treatment and brain protection are important. This review aimed to summarize the advance of normobaric-hyperoxia (NBHO) on brain protection in the setting of experimental stroke and brain trauma. We analyzed the data from relevant studies published on PubMed Central (PMC) and EMBASE, about NBHO on brain protection in the setting of experimental ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes and brain trauma, which revealed that NBHO had important value on improving hypoxia and attenuating ischemia damage. Compared to hyperbaric oxygen (HBO), NBHO is more safe and more to transform to clinical use, whereby, further studies about the safety and efficacy as well as the proper treatment protocol of NBHO on human may be still needed
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