Advances in neurotransmitter detection and modulation: Implications for neurological disorders

Abstract

Neurotransmitters are chemicals that amplify, transmit, and transform cellular impulses, facilitating communication across the neurological system. Over the last century, hundreds of these compounds have been identified, with continuous study focussing on their effects on brain health. Neurotransmitters are known to control a variety of processes, including emotions, thoughts, memory, learning, and movement. As a result, abnormalities in neurotransmitter levels have been related to a variety of neurological and neurodegenerative illnesses. This paper seeks to explore the most significant neurotransmitters, categorized into two broad groups: canonical and noncanonical. Additionally, it discusses the connection between these neurotransmitters and key neurological conditions. A concise review of recent advances in neurotransmitter detection methods is also provided, along with insights into how modulating these substances may help restore homeostasis.