Advances in Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Systems for Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Therapy: A Narrative Review.

Jing Miao,Lingfei Huang,Liwen Zhang,Junyan Wang,Qian Li,Peng Gao,Kaifeng He

doi:10.3390/ijms222011227

Abstract

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is an infectious viral disease that is prevalent worldwide. Traditional nucleoside analogues, as well as the novel drug targets against hepatitis B virus (HBV), are associated with certain critical factors that influence the curative effect, such as biological stability and safety, effective drug delivery, and controlled release. Nanoparticle drug delivery systems have significant advantages and have provided a basis for the development of anti-HBV strategies. In this review, we aim to review the advances in nanoparticle drug delivery systems for anti-hepatitis B virus therapy by summarizing the relevant literature. First, we focus on the characteristics of nanoparticle drug delivery systems for anti-HBV therapy. Second, we discuss the nanoparticle delivery systems for anti-HBV nucleoside drugs, gene-based drugs, and vaccines. Lastly, we provide an overview of the prospects for nanoparticle-based anti-HBV agents.

Highlights

Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and is prevalent worldwide [1]
Infection is limited to interferon (IFN) therapy and nucleoside analogues (NAs) [3]
24 papers were analyzed because they were directly related to the nanoparticle delivery systems for anti-HBV nucleoside drugs, anti-HBV genetic drugs

Summary

Introduction

Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and is prevalent worldwide [1]. HBV belongs to the family of hepatophilic DNA viruses, which can cause acute and chronic hepatitis. The clinical treatment for chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Infection is limited to interferon (IFN) therapy and nucleoside analogues (NAs) [3]. IFN therapy is associated with significant adverse reactions, poor human tolerance, and low virus negative conversion rate; only a small number of patients are candidates for the therapy [4]. NAs, especially the first-line drugs, entecavir and telbivudine, significantly inhibit HBV replication and are well tolerated by the human body [5]. All NAs are associated with long treatment cycles, a high rebound rate after drug withdrawal, and a high rate of clinical resistance [6]

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