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Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death globally. A variety of phenolic compounds display preventative and therapeutic effects against cancers. Green teas are rich in phenolics. Catechins are the most dominant phenolic component in green teas. Studies have shown that catechins have anticancer activity in various cancer models. The anticancer activity of catechins, however, may be compromised due to their low oral bioavailability. Nanodelivery emerges as a promising way to improve the oral bioavailability and anticancer activity of catechins. Research in this area has been actively conducted in recent decades. This review provides the molecular mechanisms of the anticancer effects of catechins, the factors that limit the oral bioavailability of catechins, and the latest advances of delivering catechins using nanodelivery systems through different routes to enhance their anticancer activity.
Highlights
Drinking tea (Camellia sinensis) has a long history that can be traced back to over 4700 years ago in ancient China [1]
activator protein-1 (AP-1) is another important transcription factor that is implicated in the regulation of the expression of genes that are involved in proliferation and apoptosis
Research has found that pro-inflammatory factors such as NF-κB, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukins (IL), and COX-2 are involved in tumorigenesis
Summary
Drinking tea (Camellia sinensis) has a long history that can be traced back to over 4700 years ago in ancient China [1]. We review the2anticancer activity and corresponding molecular basis of the most dominant green tea phenolics, the catechins, and analyze the factors that reduce their oral bioavailability and highlight the recent [9,10]. Nanodelivery systemsthe emerge as powerful tools that can enhance the stability, advances in improving anticancer activity of green tea catechins by solusing rationally ubility, bioavailability, and bioefficacy of the payload. They can achieve targeted dedesigned nanodelivery systems through different routes. Other include (EGC), positions, butmajor theycatechins all occur in 2R, 3R (2,3-cis)(EC), forms They are differentiated by the and (−)-epicatechin gallate (ECG). Present flavonols kaempferol, quercetin, andphenolic their glycosides ure 1) are inincluding green teas as minor but stillmyricetin, important components (Figure 1) are present in green teas as minor but still important phenolic components [12]
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