Abstract
ABSTRACT Oral and oropharyngeal cancers (OOCs) represent significant global health challenges due to their high morbidity and mortality rates. Early detection and precise diagnosis are crucial for improving patient outcomes. This review explores the latest advances in molecular diagnostics for OOC, focusing on current practices and future directions. Recent developments in molecular techniques, including next-generation sequencing, liquid biopsy, and biomarker discovery, have revolutionized the diagnostic landscape. We discuss the clinical applications of these technologies in identifying genetic mutations, detecting circulating tumor DNA, and assessing tumor heterogeneity. In addition, the review highlights the potential of emerging diagnostic tools such as artificial intelligence and machine learning in enhancing the accuracy and speed of OOC detection. Future perspectives emphasize the integration of multiomics approaches and the need for standardized protocols to facilitate the translation of molecular diagnostics into routine clinical practice. This comprehensive review provides insights into the evolving field of molecular diagnostics, aiming to guide researchers and clinicians in the quest for improved diagnostic strategies for OOCs.
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