Abstract
Guided tissue/bone regeneration (GTR/GBR) is commonly applied in dentistry to aid in the regeneration of bone/tissue at a defective location, where the assistive material eventually degrades to be substituted with newly produced tissue. Membranes separate the rapidly propagating soft tissue from the slow-growing bone tissue for optimal tissue regeneration results. A broad membrane exposure area, biocompatibility, hardness, ductility, cell occlusion, membrane void ratio, tissue integration, and clinical manageability are essential functional properties of a GTR/GBR membrane, although no single modern membrane conforms to all of the necessary characteristics. This review considers ongoing bone/tissue regeneration engineering research and the GTR/GBR materials described in this review fulfill all of the basic ISO requirements for human use, as determined through risk analysis and rigorous testing. Novel modified materials are in the early stages of development and could be classified as synthetic polymer membranes, biological extraction synthetic polymer membranes, or metal membranes. Cell attachment, proliferation, and subsequent tissue development are influenced by the physical features of GTR/GBR membrane materials, including pore size, porosity, and mechanical strength. According to the latest advances, key attributes of nanofillers introduced into a polymer matrix include suitable surface area, better mechanical capacity, and stability, which enhances cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Therefore, it is essential to construct a bionic membrane that satisfies the requirements for the mechanical barrier, the degradation rate, osteogenesis, and clinical operability.
Highlights
Introduction iationsPeriodontitis is a bacterial infection-induced chronic inflammation that is associated with enhanced neutrophil and macrophage infiltration, as well as osteoclast activation via RANKL signaling [1]
In a review of related literature on PubMed, Wiley, Cochrane, Embase, and ScienceDirect, we found very few resources related to modified nonabsorbable membranes over the past five years
The results showed that bFGF promoted the proliferation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) better than Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2
Summary
Introduction iationsPeriodontitis is a bacterial infection-induced chronic inflammation that is associated with enhanced neutrophil and macrophage infiltration, as well as osteoclast activation via RANKL signaling [1]. It can lead to severe periodontal disease and the loss of alveolar bone. Periodontal tissue, as well as alveolar bone and cementum, are part of the periodontal region: a unit consisting of numerous tissues surrounding and functionally supporting teeth. Periodontal disease damages the paradentium, which can lead to the loosening of teeth [2]. Extant treatments for periodontitis mainly target the symptoms, including the removal of plaque and reducing inflammation [3,4]. Though these therapies retard disease progression, they do not address the reattachment of periodontal tissue to the tooth or the restoration of the periodontal tissue; dental function remains inhibited [5,6]. An ideal approach to treating periodontitis is to reestablish the complex hierarchical structure of the periodontal
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