Abstract
Engineering cyanobacteria into photosynthetic microbial cell factories for the production of biochemicals and biofuels is a promising approach toward sustainability. Cyanobacteria naturally grow on light and carbon dioxide, bypassing the need of fermentable plant biomass and arable land. By tapping into the central metabolism and rerouting carbon flux towards desirable compound production, cyanobacteria are engineered to directly convert CO2 into various chemicals. This review discusses the diversity of bioproducts synthesized by engineered cyanobacteria, the metabolic pathways used, and the current engineering strategies used for increasing their titers.
Highlights
Increasing concerns over energy and environmental problems prompted the need to develop renewable chemicals and fuels
In a study where the citramalate pathway was expressed in PCC 7942 together with a ketoacid decarboxylase and an alcohol dehydrogenase, 2MB was produced with a titer of 178 mg/L in 12 days [21]
As an alternative to using acyl-ACP reductase, liberation of fatty acids followed by activation to acyl-CoAs allows the use of CoA-acylating aldehyde dehydrogenase, which has been shown to reduce to fatty aldehyde more efficiently in E. coli [76]
Summary
Increasing concerns over energy and environmental problems prompted the need to develop renewable chemicals and fuels. By tapping into the metabolism of cyanobacteria, central metabolites may be directly transformed into desired biochemicals. This approach bypasses the need of repeated construction and deconstruction of plant biomass, which potentially increases the overall solar energy conversion efficiency. These sequences have been organized and compiled into databases, such as cyanobase [1], for rapid access The construction of these genome databases enabled the interpretation of cyanobacterial metabolism and facilitated the development of recombinant engineering. Additional metabolic engineering strategies such as changing reducing cofactor preference from NADH to NADPH, expressing pathways with higher thermodynamic driving force, and expressing transporters for excretion of products are often needed. PHLS (Lavandula angustifolia) aar, ado (A. halophytica) phaCE,pta use similar pathway in 6803 to produce plant's second metabolite, only need few key enzyme [61]
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