Abstract
The joining of various parts in engineering applications such as automotive components, aircrafts, medical implants, sensor devices, interconnections etc., are a great concern nowadays. Various types of low melting point fillers, braze and alloys have been also developed but problem of crack generation and failures are not satisfactorily treated. This paper reviews some of the developments in traditional and modern joining techniques in automotive joining and welding. Currently, joining of composites is attracting researchers for weight reduction and economy. There are many practical techniques for joining metals and ceramics to themselves and to dissimilar materials. An overview of various processes of joining metal-metal, ceramic-metal and composites, factors affecting joining and approaches used to improve the brazed joint structures are presented here. In addition, new modifications in welding and brazing processes are outlined for further directions.
Highlights
Metal industries are always in demand for various methods to join different parts of a component in electronic and automotive devices
Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) is a completely similar process to metal inert gas (MIG) or metal active gas (MAG) process where a non-consumable electrode is used in conjunction with Ar or He gas for shielding [16]
Resistance welding (RW) is a non-fusion welding process which involves the heating of metals through the electrical resistance of the part against the current supply
Summary
Metal industries are always in demand for various methods to join different parts of a component in electronic and automotive devices. The American Welding Society (AWS) defines the joining process into three major classes: welding, adhesive bonding, and mechanical fastening [2]. The mechanical methods are very traditional and historic They use different parts like rivets, screws, bolts for tightening, while permanent bonding can only be achieved by welding in a broad view. In a broad sense we have various types of bonding processes, such as mechanical joining, adhesive welding, friction welding [4], high energy beam welding [5], microwave joining, ultrasonic welding [6], explosive welding [7], reactive joining, combustive joining [8], field assisted joining [9], brazing, diffusion bonding [10], transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding and partial TLP bonding etc. In a broad sense we have various types of bonding processes, such as mechanical joining, adhesive welding, friction welding [4], high energy beam welding [5], microwave joining, ultrasonic welding [6], explosive welding [7], reactive joining, combustive joining [8], field assisted joining [9], brazing, diffusion bonding [10], transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding and partial TLP bonding etc. [11]
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