Advances in imaging modalities for spinal tumors

Abstract

Abstract The spinal cord occupies a narrow region, which is tightly surrounded by vertebrae as well as ligaments, and spinal tumors can damage this structure and deprive patients of their ability to independently perform activities of daily living. Hence, imaging is vital for the prompt detection and accurate diagnosis of spinal tumors, as well as determining the optimal treatment and follow up plan. However, many clinicians might not be familiar with the imaging characteristics of spinal tumors due to their rarity. In addition, spinal surgeons might not fully utilize imaging for the surgical planning and management of spinal tumors because of the complex heterogeneity of these lesions. In the present review, we focus on conventional and advanced spinal tumor imaging techniques. These imaging modalities include CT, PET, digital subtraction angiography, conventional and microstructural MRI and high-resolution ultrasound. We discuss advantages and disadvantages of conventional and emerging imaging modalities, followed by an examination of cutting-edge medical technology to complement current needs in the field of spinal tumors. Moreover, machine learning and artificial intelligence are anticipated to impact the application of spinal imaging techniques. Through this review, we discuss the importance of conventional and advanced spinal tumor imaging, and the opportunity to combine advanced technologies with conventional modalities to better manage patients with these lesions.