Advances in gene therapy for intervertebral disc degeneration

Abstract

Background context Gene therapy is a growing concept in many fields of medicine, and its potential applications are numerous. With a growing understanding of the molecular and cellular biology of intervertebral disc degeneration, alternatives to current treatment options are under investigation. Gene therapy offers an exciting new direction in the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration, and potential targets of genetic alteration are being explored. Purpose To describe and update the recent advances in research on gene therapy for the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration. Study design/setting Review of current research for the application of gene therapy as potential treatment for intervertebral disc degeneration. Methods Literature review. Results There is a growing body of research pertaining to the use of gene therapy as an adjunct or alternative to the current treatment options for intervertebral disc degeneration. In vitro studies have demonstrated that transfer of cDNA encoding growth factors to intervertebral disc cells can favorably modify their metabolic and biological functions. Additionally, initial in vivo studies have demonstrated successful transduction of growth factors to the intervertebral disc with confirmed upregulation of extracellular matrix synthesis. Investigators continue to explore the potential of gene therapy with several factors for the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration. Conclusions The potential of gene therapy to alter the course of intervertebral disc degeneration holds much clinical promise and continues to stimulate further investigations.