Abstract
Diesel-LNG internal combustion engines (ICEs) are the most promising light and heavy-duty truck (HDT) powering solution for a transition towards a mixed electric-hydrogen renewable energy economy. The diesel-liquid CH4 ICEs have indeed many commonalities with diesel-liquid H2 ICEs, in the infrastructure, on-board fuel storage, and injection technology, despite the fact H2 needs a much lower temperature. The paper outlines the advantages of dual fuel (2F) diesel-LNG ICEs developed adopting two high-pressure (HP) injectors per cylinder, one for the diesel and one for the LNG, plus super-turbocharging. The diesel-LNG ICEs provide high fuel energy conversion efficiencies, and reduced CO2, PM, and NOx emissions. Super-turbocharging permits the shaping of the torque curve while improving acceleration transients. Diesel-LNG ICEs may also clean up the air of background pollution in many polluted areas in the world. Computational results prove the steady-state advantages of the proposed novel design. While the baseline diesel model is a validated model, the 2F LNG model is not. The perfect alignment of the diesel and diesel-LNG ICE performances proven by Westport makes however the proposed results trustworthy.
Highlights
Natural gas (NG) internal combustion engines (ICEs), both compression ignition (CI), derived from diesel ICEs, and positive ignition (PI), derived from gasoline ICEs, are popular worldwide [1].It is reported that there were 27,765,376 NG vehicles in the world
The purpose of this paper is to focus, after a review of recent diesel and diesel-liquefied NG (LNG) achievements, and the latest diesel and diesel-LNG developments, on the improvements needed in CI LNG-diesel 2F
Diesel ICEs were designed by using a single injection by a mechanical injector [42]
Summary
It is reported that there were (as of 31 July 2019) 27,765,376 NG vehicles in the world While most of these vehicles are PI, the best fuel economies are provided by CI ICEs. The heavy-duty trucks (HDT) sector is projected to be almost entirely covered by CI ICEs within a few years [2]. Diesel-LNG engines are becoming popular for ships and heavy-duty truck propulsion [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22]
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