Abstract
The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of congenital heart disease (CHD). CHD, which affects about 1% of live births worldwide, is still a major problem in pediatric cardiology. The most prevalent congenital cardiac defects—Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD), Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), Coronary Artery Fistula, Coarctation of the Aorta (CoA), Aortic and Pulmonary Stenosis, Valve Insufficiency, Double Outlet Right Ventricle (DORV), Ebstein Anomaly, Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA), Anomalous Venous Return, and Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS) are all thoroughly examined in this review. The review examines current diagnostic and treatment strategies, highlighting the benefits, drawbacks, sensitivity, and specificity of several imaging modalities, including as CT, MRI, and echocardiography. It also discusses the historical evolution of treatment outcomes, emphasizing the tremendous advances in patient care and surgical procedures that have significantly mproved survival rates and quality of life for CHD patients.
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