Abstract
The paper summarizes achievements in applications of superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry in electrochemical activity sensing, especially in that related to remote corrosion detection. The studies deal with application of the SQUIDs operating in liquid helium or nitrogen with a spatial resolution of magnetic field detection of the order of a millimeter or greater. This made it possible to observe macroscopic magnetic fields, which originated from the large-scale surface currents (ionic and electronic), which resulted from electrochemical potential gradients on electrochemical interfaces. The gradients owed to variations in temperature, alloy composition, sample geometry, electrolyte flow characteristics (velocity, direction, and turbulence), etc. The measurements demonstrated the capability of SQUIDs to remotely sense corrosion across the integrated media consisting of gaseous and solid dielectrics, metal, and electrolyte. The results have shown the potential of magnetometry for practical corrosion detection in the restricted locations such as in ground or concrete. Despite significant efforts, the field is considered to be at an early stage from both fundamental and practical points of view.
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