Abstract

Multi-sine excitation signals give spectroscopic insight into fast chemical processes over bandwidths from 101 Hz to 107 Hz. The crest factor (CF) determines the information density of a multi-sine signal. Minimizing the CF yields higher information density and is the goal of the presented work. Four algorithms and a combination of two of them are presented. The first two algorithms implement different iterative optimizations of the amplitude and phase angle values of the signal. The combined algorithm alternates between the first and second optimization algorithms. Additionally, a simulated annealing approach and a genetic algorithm optimizing the CF were implemented.

Highlights

  • Dielectric analysis (DEA) is a well-known method for the characterization of material behavior and a technology for monitoring chemical processes, e.g., the curing of thermosetting resins [1], the curing of adhesives [2], and the polymerization process of polyamide 6 [3]

  • The abbreviation Mixed stands for the iterative–stochastic optimization algorithm and Clip stands for the algorithm presented by Ojarand [16]

  • The results show that the final crest factor (CF) for Clip and Schroeder was surpassed by all presented algorithms after only a few iterations

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Summary

Introduction

Dielectric analysis (DEA) is a well-known method for the characterization of material behavior and a technology for monitoring chemical processes, e.g., the curing of thermosetting resins [1], the curing of adhesives [2], and the polymerization process of polyamide 6 [3]. A more general term is electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) [4]. In the context of biological processes, it is referred to as bio-impedance spectroscopy (BIS) [5]. Independent of the application, DEA compares the phase and amplitude of a sinusoid excitation signal applied to a sensor in contact with a specimen with its response signal. Changes in phase and amplitude over time give an indication of the state of the specimen. Ongoing chemical reactions creating new molecular structures result in changing dielectric behavior which can further be used to correlate other physical parameters or states, e.g., the viscosity or the state of cure

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