Abstract
A revolution in radiography has occurred in the last three decades; digital radiography has replaced screen-film radiography. To understand digital radiography, one must begin with the fundamental principles, which have not changed since Roentgen’s time. The conversion of X-rays into a visible image, however, has changed from screen-film to digital radiography. A discussion on the characteristics of digital radiography and its most common forms, computed radiography (CR) and digital flat-panel radiography follows. The fundamentals of digital image processing are discussed, including preprocessing, latitude reduction, and contrast modification. Advanced technologies are also described, including structured phosphors, slot scanners, dual-sided CR, irradiation side sampling flat panels, and gaseous avalanche detectors. The potential application of dual energy subtraction radiography and tomosynthesis to pediatric thoracic radiography is also considered. The chapter concludes with a discussion on radiation dose optimization in pediatric chest radiography including the newest standards for exposure indicators, dose area product, dose reporting, and informatics initiatives to support dose reporting.
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