Abstract
A layer of cuticular wax is deposited on the surface of terrestrial plants, which reduces the damage caused by environmental stress and maintains growth in a relatively stable internal environment. Apple cuticular wax is an important part of the fruit epidermis that plays an essential role in apple development, storage, and adaptation to environmental stress. The formation of cuticular wax has been described at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and translational levels in Arabidopsis, whereas less research has been performed on apple cuticular wax. Here, we provide a brief overview of how apple cuticular wax is formed, as well as its structure, composition, and function. An association among the environment, genes, and apple cuticular wax deposition was revealed. Cuticular wax prevents fruit rust from occurring on apple. Taken together, a detailed understanding of apple cuticular wax is discussed. The results will act as a reference for extending the storage period and increasing the commodity value of apple.
Highlights
Plant growth is a process of continuous adaptation to the environment (Kim et al, 2019; Trivedi et al, 2019)
Triterpenes and alkanes are the main components of apple cuticular wax (Belding et al, 2000)
Apple cuticular wax contains the same composition as that of Arabidopsis, including alkanes, alcohols, aldehydes, fatty acids, wax ester, and ketones (Belding et al, 1998), we speculate that the same wax components have similar synthetic pathways
Summary
Plant growth is a process of continuous adaptation to the environment (Kim et al, 2019; Trivedi et al, 2019). About 45 billion years ago, aquatic plants began to evolve towards land to adapt to the changing environment. Terrestrial plants formed a hydrophobic cuticle on the surface of their aerial organs to protect themselves from water loss (Waters, 2003; Leliaert et al, 2011; Sørensen et al, 2011; Budke et al, 2012). The interactions between plants and their environment are vital for the life of plants under changing environmental conditions. One such interaction is the emergence of the cuticle on aerial organs of land plants (Bargel et al, 2006). The primary role of apple cuticular wax is to reduce non-stomatal water loss and prevent pathogenic attacks. We summarize the biosynthesis, composition, regulation, and function of apple cuticular wax to provide deeper knowledge of apple cuticular wax and to provide a basis for studying the molecular mechanism of apple cuticular wax biosynthesis
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