Abstract
Obesity is a complex, multifactorial disease that has been extensively researched in recent times. Obesity is characterized by excess deposition of adipose tissue in response to surplus energy. Despite the negative connotations of adipose tissue (AT), it serves as a critical endocrine organ. Adipose tissue is a source of several adipokines and cytokines which have been deemed important for both normal metabolic function and disease formation. The discoveries of metabolically active brown AT in adult humans and adipose tissue derived stem cells (ADSC) have been key findings in the past decade with potential therapeutic implications. ADSCs represent an enticing pool of multipotent adult stem cells because of their noncontroversial nature, relative abundance, ease of isolation, and expandability. A decade and a half since the discovery of ADSCs, the scientific community is still working to uncover their therapeutic potential in a wide range of diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent developments in the field of ADSCs and examine their potential use in transplantation and cell-based therapies for the regeneration of diseased organs and systems. We also hope to provide perspective on how to best utilize this readily available, powerful pool of stem cells in the future.
Highlights
Regenerative medicine has evolved tremendously with recent advances in stem cell research
With regard to regenerative medicine, the ideal stem cell population should be present and accessible in abundant numbers, harvestable by a relatively noninvasive procedure, able to differentiate into a variety of cell lineages, easy to transplant to an autologous or allogeneic host, and able to be manufactured in accordance with the currently accepted good manufacturing practice guidelines set by the FDA [1]
After washing with PBS, the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) population from this stage may be cultured with high FBS (20%) containing DMEM media, with media changes occurring every 12–24 hours to alleviate the effects of collagenase and cell stress (Figure 1)
Summary
Regenerative medicine has evolved tremendously with recent advances in stem cell research. The last couple of decades have shown glimpses of the exciting potential of stem cells in tissue regeneration as well as in the restoration of diseased organs and systems Despite these advances, the availability of stem cells remains a challenge for both scientists and clinicians with an interest in regenerative medicine. Stem Cells International the different types of blood cells They are the easiest to isolate and have been used in therapy for decades in bone marrow transplants for diseases such as leukemia, where there is abnormal development of blood cells. ADSCs are found in the perivascular region of white adipose tissue, which include subcutaneous fat deposits [3, 4] Because of their abundance, ease of isolation, and noncontroversial nature, ADSCs have been considered for applications in regenerative medicine. We will discuss the future directions of ADSCs and promising avenues of research
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