Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) scaffolds have enormous significance for the possibility of regeneration of complex tissue structures or even whole organs. Three-dimensional (3D) printing techniques allow fabricating TE scaffolds, having an extremely complex structure, in a repeatable and precise manner. Moreover, they enable the easy application of computer-assisted methods to TE scaffold design. The latest additive manufacturing techniques open up opportunities not otherwise available. This study aimed to summarize the state-of-art field of 3D printing techniques in applications for tissue engineering with a focus on the latest advancements. The following topics are discussed: systematics of the available 3D printing techniques applied for TE scaffold fabrication; overview of 3D printable biomaterials and advancements in 3D-printing-assisted tissue engineering.
Highlights
Recent progress in the 3D printing method stems from the regenerative ability of the human body
The idea of developing methods supporting the full regeneration of tissue defects was born, which are based on laboratory cell cultures collectively referred to as tissue engineering (TE)
This review summarizes limitations and general principles of the most extensively used additive manufacturing technologies, including extrusion-based as well as jetting systems
Summary
Recent progress in the 3D printing method stems from the regenerative ability of the human body. There is globally an increasing number of patients suffering from various types of body defects caused by injuries and degenerative processes of various origin [2,3]. Critical defects require support for the growth of the cells [4]. Native regeneration of the human body is limited by multiple elements such as availability of the growth hormones or by functionality of the defected tissue. The abovementioned methods allow to restore the full or partial function of the lost organ (tissue defect); it should be noted that they are characterized by many disadvantages affecting the comfort of the patient’s life. The idea of developing methods supporting the full regeneration of tissue defects was born, which are based on laboratory cell cultures collectively referred to as tissue engineering (TE)
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