Abstract
Selectivity coefficients for sodium, calcium and potassium ion-selective electrodes estimated by traditional methods such as the separate solution and mixed solution methods are compared with values obtained by a more rigorous approach based on multivariate calibration using simplex optimisation and non-linear modelling of the array characteristics. The validity of the latter approach is demonstrated by using the models to predict the concentration of sodium, calcium and potassium in blood plasma and mineral water samples using dip and flow-injection analysis (FIA) measurements. For the array FIA data, the possibility of using an enhanced kinetic-based selectivity for analytical measurements is raised. Further improvement in the three electrode array performance by using a fourth “multiple ionophore electrode” (MIE) is discussed. Results obtained are compared with single electrode dip and FIA measurements of sodium in plasma samples.
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