Abstract
With the increasing demand for fossil fuels, decreasing fossil fuel reserves and deteriorating global environment, humanity urgently need to explore new clean and renewable energy to replace fossil fuel resources. Biodiesel, as an environmentally friendly fuel that has attracted considerable attention because of its renewable, biodegradable, and non-toxic superiority, seems to be a solution for future fuel production. Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), an industrial crop, is traditionally used for manufacturing cigarettes. More importantly, tobacco seed is also widely being deemed as a typical inedible oilseed crop for the production of second-generation biodiesel. Advancements in raw material and enhanced production methods are currently needed for the large-scale and sustainable production of biodiesel. To this end, this study reviews various aspects of extraction and transesterification methods, genetic and agricultural modification, and properties and application of tobacco biodiesel, while discussing the key problems in tobacco biodiesel production and application. Besides, the proposals of new ways or methods for producing biodiesel from tobacco crops are presented. Based on this review, we anticipate that this can further promote the development and application of biodiesel from tobacco seed oil by increasing the availability and reducing the costs of extraction, transesterification, and purification methods, cultivating new varieties or transgenic lines with high oilseed contents, formulating scientific agricultural norms and policies, and improving the environmental properties of biodiesel.
Highlights
The industrial revolution results in the widespread use of fossil fuels, which constitute 80% of the energy supply
Food shortages may occur due to the use of large amounts of edible oils in producing biodiesel, especially in poor countries. These drawbacks can be overcome by using inedible oils for biodiesel production like Aleurites trisperma, bitter almond, Brucea javanica seeds, Argemone Mexicana, wild mustard (Brassica Juncea L.) seed, and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) seed (Arumugam et al, 2017; Muthukumaran et al, 2017; Jain, 2019; Wang et al, 2019; Adepoju, 2020; Tlili et al, 2020)
Many genes, proteins, regulatory factors, and multiple pathways are associated with the processes of tobacco seed oil biosynthesis and accumulation (Figure 3), and the molecular mechanisms of fatty acid and TAG biosyntheses are not fully understood (Zhang M. et al, 2016; Zhou et al, 2019)
Summary
The industrial revolution results in the widespread use of fossil fuels, which constitute 80% of the energy supply. To mitigate the negative consequences of excess CO2 emissions, biofuels derived from waste have been recognized as a substitute for the traditional fossil fuels (Kim et al, 2019) They are carbon neutral, inexpensive and an environmentally friendly and renewable source of energy (Hill et al, 2006). Food shortages may occur due to the use of large amounts of edible oils in producing biodiesel, especially in poor countries These drawbacks can be overcome by using inedible oils for biodiesel production like Aleurites trisperma, bitter almond, Brucea javanica seeds, Argemone Mexicana, wild mustard (Brassica Juncea L.) seed, and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) seed (Arumugam et al, 2017; Muthukumaran et al, 2017; Jain, 2019; Wang et al, 2019; Adepoju, 2020; Tlili et al, 2020). Oil extraction yield obtained from mechanical pressing were usually about 80% (w/w) of ASE, but Stanisavljević et al reported
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