Abstract
Biologics such as anti-tumor necrosis factor agents have been the cornerstone for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease but face limitations, including loss of response and risk of opportunistic infections and malignancies. Newer biologics and small molecules like vedolizumab, ustekinumab, and tofacitinib offer favorable safety profiles and demonstrate efficacy in moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis. The landscape of the pipeline of biologics and small molecules is rapidly evolving. Upcoming drugs such as upadacitinib, filgotinib, and ozanimod show promise in recently concluded clinical trials, expanding the therapeutic options for ulcerative colitis. This review aims to discuss the medical treatment options available for the management of moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis, with a focus on biologics and small molecules recommended in revised 2023 Korean guidelines.
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