Advancements in Properties of Cement Containing Pulverised Fly Ash and Nanomaterials by Blending and Ultrasonication Method (Review - Part I)

Abstract

This review research aims to discuss the results obtained researches on cement containing pure cement, pulverised fly ash, and nanoparticles, in order for eliminating negative side effects underlie the substitution of by–products for pure Portland cement. Nanoparticles (NP) used in these researches are nanoTiO2, nanoSiO2, nanoCaCO3, fibers of carbon nano tube (CNT), nanolimestone (nanoCaCO3), nanoZrO2, nanoclays, and nanometakaolin (nMK) for improving properties of cement systems. Published manuscripts explains two methods regarding on the usage of nanoparticles for cement system: blending and ultrasonication for dispersion of nanoparticles. However, differences between blending and ultrasonication methods suggested by various researchers are also discussed. Experiments reported these papers include the water demand, the density, the setting–times, the heat of hydration, the fluidity, the compressive strength and the flexural strength. According to these results, nanoparticles increase the water demand and heat of hydration of cement; it decreases the density and fluidity for cement mortars, evidently. The most effective nanoparticles on early compressive and flexural strengths are fibers of carbon nano tube and nanoCaCO3. These papers also point effects of these nanoparticles on the strength gain of cement. This review paper inform us until Effect of nanomaterial on water demand and density section in this Part I. Second part of this review paper will explain Hydration properties of Portland pulverised fly ash cement section, Effect of nanomaterial on setting–time section, Effect of nanomaterial on heat of hydration section, Strength gain mechanisms for hardened Portland pulverised fly ash cement paste and mortar section, Effect of nanomaterial on compressive strength section, Effect of nanomaterial on flexural strength (Bending) section, and Conclusion section.