Advancements in Oncology: Evolving Standards of Care and Personalized Treatment in Lung Cancer

Abstract

Lung cancer remains a significant global health concern, impacting patients and healthcare systems alike. In recent years, substantial progress has been made in understanding the biology, diagnosis, and treatment of both small-cell and non-small-cell lung cancer (SCLC and NSCLC). This research paper synthesizes and reviews key findings from multiple studies published between 2007 and 2023, addressing various aspects of lung cancer researchThe studies covered in this review encompass a broad spectrum of topics, including systemic therapy, targeted treatments, genetic mutations, healthcare strategies, and patient outcomes. Notable highlights include the impact of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors on NSCLC treatment, the role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) in lung adenocarcinoma, the utilization of large databases in radiation oncology research, and the importance of empathy in patient care.The paper also examines the latest developments in the molecular epidemiology of lung cancer, differences in lung cancer susceptibility among ethnic populations, and the implementation of multidisciplinary clinics for timely lung cancer care. It further delves into the significance of liquid biopsy in identifying genetic mutations for targeted therapies, the effect of ALK-positive cell percentage on the outcomes of Alectinib treatment, and the role of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors in adjuvant therapy.Furthermore, this review assesses the impact of platinum-based chemotherapy on the survival of NSCLC patients and explores predictive factors, such as the VeriStrat test, in second-line therapy. The research also addresses the challenges and opportunities in the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced NSCLC, as well as the clinical utility of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) testing in first-line therapy.In conclusion, this comprehensive review sheds light on the current state of lung cancer research, highlighting breakthroughs, challenges, and the potential for future advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of this life-threatening disease. The insights gathered from these diverse studies provide a valuable resource for clinicians, researchers, and healthcare providers in their efforts to combat lung cancer and improve patient outcomes.