Advancements in MXene-based nanohybrids for electrochemical water splitting

Abstract

Electrochemical water splitting presents a promising, environmentally friendly alternative to fossil fuels for hydrogen production. However, the efficiency is constrained by the sluggish kinetics and high overpotentials associated with the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). While noble metal catalysts, such as Pt for HER and Ir for OER, currently offer superior performance, their widespread adoption is hindered by high cost and scarcity. This has spurred research into cost-effective alternatives, with a focus on understanding the underlying electrocatalytic mechanisms. MXenes, a class of two-dimensional materials, have emerged as promising candidates for electrocatalytic water splitting due to their unique physical and chemical properties. However, research in this field remains largely experimental, lacking a comprehensive understanding of fundamental mechanisms. This knowledge gap impedes the development of high-efficiency electrocatalysts and necessitates further investigation. This review systematically examines recent advancements in MXene-based nanohybrids for electrocatalytic water splitting, covering synthetic methods, structure-property relationships, and performance enhancement strategies. It encompasses both precious and non-noble metal-based systems for HER, OER, and overall water splitting applications. Additionally, this review addresses current challenges, opportunities, and future research directions for MXene-based nanohybrids. By providing comprehensive insights into the development of high-performance MXene-based electrocatalysts, this review aims to accelerate progress in the field of electrochemical water splitting. It serves as a valuable resource for researchers and engineers working towards more efficient and sustainable hydrogen production technologies, potentially contributing to the broader goal of transitioning away from fossil fuels towards cleaner energy sources.