Abstract
Melanoma is defined as the most aggressive and deadly form of skin cancer. The treatment of melanoma depends on thedisease stage, tumor location, and extent of its spread from its point of origin. Melanoma treatment has made significantadvances, notably in the context of targeted and immunotherapies. Surgical resection is the main therapeutic option for earlystagemelanoma, and it provides favourable outcomes. With disease metastasis, systemic treatments such as immunotherapyand targeted therapy become increasingly important. The identification of mutations that lead to melanoma has influencedtreatment strategies. Targeted therapies focusing on these mutations offer improved response rates and fewer toxicities thanconventional chemotherapy. Furthermore, developing immunotherapies, including checkpoint inhibitors and tumor-infiltratinglymphocyte (TIL) therapies, has demonstrated encouraging outcomes in effectively combating cancer cells. These therapeuticagents demonstrate superior effectiveness and a more tolerable side-effect profile, improving the quality of life for patientsreceiving treatment. The future of melanoma treatment may involve a multimodal approach consisting of a combination ofsurgery, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy adapted to each patient's profile. This approach may improve survival ratesand health outcomes.
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