Advancements in Indian Sign Language Recognition Systems: Enhancing Communication and Accessibility for the Deaf and Hearing Impaired

Abstract

Sign language is an ocular-mobile language utilized by deaf or hearing-impaired individuals. It conveys a combination of handshapes, motions, facial expressions, and body postures. Sign language is an essential form of communication with its unique grammar and syntax. The communication barrier between those who use sign language and those who do not is substantial. India has approximately 63 million people in the deaf or hearing-impaired community (DHH). Therefore, research within the realm of sign language recognition (SLR) shows great potential in enhancing the quality of life for individuals facing hearing disabilities and promoting better communication and integration into society. In recent years, sign language recognition has attracted considerable attention due to its significant role in human-machine interaction, accessibility, real-time interpretation, educational tools, and communication aids. This study reviews the most current developments in Indian Sign Language Recognition Systems (ISLRS). It discusses the commonly used algorithms, standard datasets, and performance characteristics of these systems in detail. Lastly, it highlights the challenges and future perspectives of these emerging technologies.