Advancements in dual-band electrochromic smart windows: Exploring single-component materials for sustainable building solutions

Abstract

With the continuous increase in building energy consumption, the problem of low energy utilization efficiency, especially concerning windows accounting for approximately 40% of total energy loss, has become increasingly prominent and urgent. Electrochromic (EC) technology emerges as a promising solution capable of effectively regulating the transmittance and absorption of light. Notably, dual‐band EC smart windows (DESWs) offer a unique avenue to address this challenge by independently adjusting sunlight and heat entry, anticipated to significantly reduce energy consumption for internal lighting and temperature regulation in buildings. While the potential benefits of DESWs are substantial, research is still in its early stages, facing important obstacles that hinder progress. This review aims to enhance our comprehension of this technology by providing a detailed introduction to the fundamental features of DESWs, encompassing configuration, operating mechanisms, and parameters for performance evaluation. In particular, we explore potential methods and approaches to achieve independent modulation using single-component materials. Additionally, we analyze performance issues and challenges, pinpoint future development directions, and propose corresponding solutions. The purpose of this review is to expedite the research and development of DESWs, offering robust support for the creation of modern energy-efficient buildings and facilitating the transition of the construction industry towards more sustainable and efficient energy utilization.