Abstract
Kidney disease is one of the leading causes of the death for patients worldwide, and creatinine is a key biomarker for kidney diseases. Amperometric biosensors have gained significant attention in recent years due to their ability to provide rapid, sensitive, and selective detection of target analytes. And the miniaturized and portable amperometric biosensing systems offer a convenient solution for detecting in a variety of settings, making them an increasingly popular choice. Here, this review explores the current status for the development of amperometric biosensing instrumentation for creatinine, including the mechanism of amperometric creatinine biosensors, materials and fabrication methods for creatinine biosensors, as well as their practical applications and commercial status. This review can serve as a resource for future creatinine biosensor development and advance a wide range of practical applications in kidney patients.
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