Advancements And Applications of Field-Effect Transistors in Modern Electronics

Abstract

Field-Effect Transistors (FETs) have evolved as fundamental semiconductor devices pivotal to modern electronics. This paper provides an extensive overview of FETs, encompassing their definition, classification, and historical development. FETs, such as Junction Field-Effect Transistors (JFETs) and Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs), are explained, highlighting their distinct characteristics and applications. Additionally, innovative FET variants like Piezoelectric Field-Effect Transistors (PiezoFETs) and High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs) are explored for their unique attributes and applications. The paper underscores the critical role FETs play in diverse sectors, including low-power digital circuits, RF applications, biosensors, and flexible electronics. It emphasizes their contributions to achieving ultra-low power consumption, rapid analysis, and real-time, label-free diagnostics. The collaborative efforts of experts from various disciplines are emphasized as essential for optimizing FET-based biosensors. Furthermore, the paper emphasizes the exciting potential of graphene-based FETs (G-FETs) in Bioelectronics and their ability to revolutionize point-of-care diagnostics. G-FETs' scalability, low-cost manufacturing, and superior properties make them a promising choice for future healthcare applications.