Abstract
Anthropogenic activities are largely responsible for the vast amounts of pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, cyanides, phenols, metal derivatives, sulphides, and other chemicals in wastewater. The excess benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX) can cause severe toxicity to living organisms in wastewater. A novel approach to mitigate this problem is the benthic microbial fuel cell (BMFC) setup to produce renewable energy and bio-remediate wastewater aromatic hydrocarbons. Several mechanisms of electrogens have been utilized for the bioremediation of BTX through BMFCs. In the future, BMFCs may be significant for chemical and petrochemical industry wastewater treatment. The distinct factors are considered to evaluate the performance of BMFCs, such as pollutant removal efficiency, power density, and current density, which are discussed by using operating parameters such as, pH, temperature and internal resistance. To further upgrade the BMFC technology, this review summarizes prototype electrode materials, the bioremediation of BTX, and their applications.
Highlights
AbubackarIn different regions of the world, wastewater rises daily, which is a significant source of pollution in shallow and groundwater [1]
Wastewaters are mostly accumulated in domestic areas from different regions such as laundry wastewater, kitchen utensil wastewater, petrochemical industries and processing plant oil, containing organic compounds and incredibly aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX) [3]
Sheet, and plate shapes made of carbon-based materials such as graphite have an important role in the benthic microbial fuel cell (BMFC) anodes because they are relatively economical in comparison to metal, and they are easy to handle and have mechanical strength, inertness, commercial availability and they have a fixed surface area
Summary
In different regions of the world, wastewater rises daily, which is a significant source of pollution in shallow and groundwater [1]. The electrical energy produced by any variation of benthic microbial fuel cell (BMFC) depends on the potential difference between non-aerated bio-sediment and aerated water [10]. The increase in the current of BMFCs be used carefully Another thing that should be considered is that there should be mass due to the decrease in internal resistance means a rise in ohmic losses and may result in transfer limitation due to the increase in anode size, thereby creating more interaction an unequal proportion of potential distribution through inadequate exploitation of the area between the anode and benthic. With the construction of BMFCs, it may be possible to create a novel technology consisting of an anode and cathode chamber With both electrodes made from graphite separated by a pseudomembrane, it will hopefully help the bioremediation of BTX pollutants [30]. Oxygen is utilized as an acceptor inside the cathode chamber and it allows for the continuous flow of the anode current
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