Advancement and Challenges for Non-invasive Monitoring of Blood Glucose: A Review

Abstract

The aim of this study is to bring the current status as well as the future perspective of various techniques and devices for non-invasive monitoring of blood glucose. Blood glucose monitoring device is a very essential tool to assess the level of blood glucose frequently by diabetic patients as well as physicians. The most common commercialized method for blood glucose monitoring is invasive, painful, time-consuming, and expensive that requires finger pricking to draw the blood. To address this situation there is a need to develop a cost-effective noninvasive, reliable blood glucose monitoring device to improve the patient’s daily life. In this context, several research articles have been studied. It has been observed that optical, thermal and electrical techniques are mainly adopted for noninvasive mode of blood glucose monitoring. Different types of spectroscopy techniques along with polarimetry and tomography are included in the optical method. Thermal emission spectroscopy and metabolic heat conformation are under thermal technique. Bioimpedance spectroscopy, electromagnetic sensing, reverse iontophoresis, millimeter, and micrometer wave sensing are included in the electrical technique. The general topology of different techniques/devices and challenges have been discussed over here.KeywordsBlood glucose monitoringDiabeticsNon-invasivePolarimetryTomographySpectroscopyBioimpedanceIontophoresis