Abstract
The communication technology ZigBee has been widely adopted in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for a wide range of industrial applications. However, although ZigBee provides low-power, low-cost mesh networking, it cannot guarantee steady and predictable network performance as channels are time-variant and highly attenuated by man-made obstacles. The networks also suffer from interference, especially in the important 2.4 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. These degraded channel characteristics increase the number of hops, thus increasing both the packet error rate and transmission delays. In this paper, we report the deployment of a ZigBee-based WSN inside an existing building duct system utilized for intelligent waste collection in an industrial environment. The Received Signal Strength (RSS) and path losses were measured, revealing that the duct communication channel acts as a very effective waveguide, providing a more reliable and consistent network performance than conventional free space channels.
Highlights
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are becoming popular for a wide range of applications in countries around the world due to their effectiveness in minimizing resources, their low installation costs, their environmental cleanliness, and their many social benefits, contributing to the three dimensions of sustainability: economic, environmental, and social [1]
Conventional deployments for indoor wireless communications often suffer from unpredictable and variable attenuation for a number of reasons, as explained by Gungor and Hancke [13]. These problems may dilute the benefits of WSN, namely low installation costs and network expandability, compared to the more reliable wired networks
We present a survey of existing work on building automation systems (BAS) that use both wired and wireless networks
Summary
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are becoming popular for a wide range of applications in countries around the world due to their effectiveness in minimizing resources, their low installation costs, their environmental cleanliness, and their many social benefits, contributing to the three dimensions of sustainability: economic, environmental, and social [1]. One approach is to change the medium to one with a much lower propagation loss This reduces the propagation loss significantly and eliminates any interference from coexistent technologies like Bluetooth and Wi-Fi. there are already multiple low-loss propagation channels installed in almost every modern industrial building and area in the form of heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) ducts, garbage collection pipes, and gas pipelines. There are already multiple low-loss propagation channels installed in almost every modern industrial building and area in the form of heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) ducts, garbage collection pipes, and gas pipelines Networks of these hollow pipes, which effectively act as waveguides, have been shown to act as very reliable communication channels for the propagation of intra-building communications [16].
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